Trinity Church

Trinity Church, a small Russian Orthodox church on King George Island near Russian Bellingshausen Station in Antarctica. It is the southernmost Eastern Orthodox church in the world. Here's where it is located on the map: 

The ambitious project to establish a permanent church on Antarctica originated in the 1990s. A charity named Temple for Antarctica was approved by Patriarch Alexius II and received donations from across Russia. The church is a fifty-foot-high wooden structure built in traditional Russian style. It can accommodate up to 30 worshipers. It was consecrated on February 15, 2004, by Theognost, the Bishop of Sergiyev Posad and the Namestnik (abbot) of Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra, who visited Antarctica for this occasion, along with a number of other clerics, pilgrims, and sponsors.

The church is manned year-round by one or two Orthodox priests, who volunteer for the Antarctic assignment. They are rotated annually.

Among the priests' tasks are praying for the souls of the 64 Russian people who have died in Antarctic expeditions and serving the spiritual needs of the staff of Bellingshausen Station and other nearby stations. Besides Russian polar researchers, the church is often visited by their colleagues from the nearby Chilean, Polish, Korean, and other research stations, as well as by tourists. For the benefit of Latin American visitors, some church services are conducted in Spanish.

On occasions, the priest baptizes new adherents of Christianity in the Southern Ocean (I've done some cold baptisms, but probably not THAT cold!). On 29 January, 2007, the priest of the church celebrated what was likely the first ever church wedding in Antarctica (a staff member of a Chilean Antarctic base, who had joined the Orthodox Church soon after the opening of the Antarctic temple, and his Russian wife). When not busy with church work, priests help out with the general maintenance of the Bellingshausen station.

Monuments

This monument is situated on the Chilean side of King George Island. It honors the Antarctic treaty and the protection of the Antarctic continent. The inscription is in the different languages of all countries that are members of the treaty.

Chile was involved in Antarctic research from the beginning of the 20th century. Luis Pardo Villalon was the captain of the ship that rescued Sir Shackleton's stranded men after the faithful voyage onboard the Endurance. The ship sailed from South Georgia to Elephant Island and ensured that none of the stranded men perished.

Russian direction signs

(Thanks to Helen Stoilas for alerting our attention to this!)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_law_in_the_polar_regions

Jewish law in the polar regions

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The observance of Jewish law (halakhah) in the polar regions of Earth presents unique problems. Many mitzvot, such as Jewish prayer and the Jewish sabbath, rely on the consistent cycle of day and night in 24-hour periods that is commonplace in most of the world. However, north of the Arctic Circle (and south of the Antarctic Circle) a single period of daylight can last for a month or more during the summer, and the night lasts for a similar length of time in the winter. The question for Jews that live in, and visit these regions, is how to reconcile the observed length of days in the polar regions with common practice elsewhere in the world. Should a "day" be defined solely based on sunrise and sunset, even if these events do not occur for long stretches of time; or should the definition of a polar "day" be consistent with the length of a day in the rest of the world?
The problem was first identified in the 18th century, when Jewish émigrés began to immigrate in greater numbers to the northern parts of Scandinavia. A number of different opinions on the question have been presented in responsa and are reviewed in a recent essay.<sup>[1]

Scope of the problem</sup>

The definition of a "day" in polar regions affects mitzvot that must be performed during the day, or at a particular time of day. It also affects the passage of time in the Jewish calendar for the purpose of observing Shabbat and other Jewish holidays.

Mitzvot performed during the day

A long list of mitzvot must be performed at any time during the day but not at night, or vice versa. These are listed in a mishnah in Megillah.^[2] (Many of these mitzvot, as part of the sacrificial service in the Temple of Jerusalem, could not be performed in the polar regions.) In addition, a lender is required to return clothing used as collateral to a poor borrower if he needs it to sleep at night,^[3] and an employer must pay a day laborer his wages on the same day that the work is done.^[4]

Time of day

The most familiar mitzvah that depends on the time of day is Jewish prayer. The morning Shema must be read between dawn^[5] and three variable hours after sunrise. ("Variable hours" are each one-twelfth of the time between sunrise and sunset, or according to another opinion between dawn and the appearance of stars at twilight. Variable hours are longer than 60 minutes in the summer, and shorter than 60 minutes in the winter.) The prayers of Shacharit, Mussaf and Minchah are also limited to certain hours of the day. The evening Shema and Ma'ariv, though acceptable at any time of the night, should preferably be done in the first half of the night. It is possible that during very long days of the polar summer, evening prayers are not recited, and during very long nights of the polar winter, daytime prayers are not recited.

Days of the week

The passage of days from one to the next most prominently drives the observance of Shabbat on every seventh day. During the polar summer, hundreds of hours can pass without sunset, and it is possible that this entire period is just one day of a week. However, since Shabbat is observed on the same day throughout the world (allowing for differences in time zones), it stands to reason that Shabbat should be observed simultaneously even in polar regions.

Pre-modern background

The Bible, Talmud, and individual pre-modern Jewish writers do not address this issue because Jews did not visit the polar regions and were not aware of its distinctive nature before modern times. However, the section in Talmud regarding the "desert wanderer" has been used by modern authorities to analyze this issue. The Talmud contains the following discourse:

Rav Huna says, if a man is wandering in the desert and he does not know when is the Sabbath, he should count six days [as weekdays] and keep one day as the Sabbath. Hiyya bar Rav says he should keep one day as Sabbath, then count six days [as weekdays]. ...

Rava says, on each day he may do whatever he needs in order to survive, except for his Sabbath. But should he die on the Sabbath? He could prepare extra food the day before his Sabbath, but that might be the real Sabbath. So every day he may do whatever he needs in order to survive, even on the Sabbath. How is the Sabbath recognizable to him? By kiddush and havdalah [which he performs on his Sabbath but not on other days].

Rava says, if he knows which day he departed on the journey, he may do work on the same day of the week [i.e. 7 or 14 days after he departed, because he certainly would not have departed on a Sabbath].^[6]

The law is in accordance with the first opinion, that a confused desert wanderer keeps six "weekdays" followed by one "Shabbat", but he may not perform activities forbidden on Shabbat on any day except to aid his own survival.^[7] The law is based on a principle that a person who is unaware of reality should create his own Sabbath while acting out of concern that the real Sabbath may be on a different day.

Modern opinions

Rabbi Israel Lipschutz

Rabbi Israel Lipschutz, in his commentary Tiferet Yisrael, writes that in polar regions there is a 24-hour day, as evidenced by the fact that the sun rotates in the sky from a high point at noon to a low point near the horizon at midnight. He does not offer a means of measuring the passage of a 24-hour day during the polar winter when the sun is invisible. He advises that a Jewish traveler observe the beginning and end of the Sabbath based on the clock of the location whence he came. It is unclear whether this refers to his residence or his port of embarkation.
A result of this view is that two Jews who leave from different cities will always observe Shabbat on Saturday, but at different times. A Jew who leaves from America will observe the Sabbath according to the clock of his hometown, while a Jew from Europe will use the clock of his European hometown, which begins and ends Sabbath about five hours earlier than in America. Thus, there is no uniquely identifiable beginning and end of the day in the polar regions.^[8]

References

1. ^ "Mizvot in the Polar Regions and in Earth Orbit." J. David Bleich. Contemporary Halakhic Problems, volume 5, chapter 3, pages 75-128. Targum Press, 2005. ISBN 1-56871-353-3
2. ^ Chapter 2; page 20b.
3. ^ Deuteronomy 24:12-13
4. ^ Deuteronomy 24:14-15
5. ^ Specifically, this is the time between dawn and sunrise that a person may first distinguish between light and blue, according to the Mishnah in Berakhot.
6. ^ Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Shabbat, 69b (translated from Aramaic)
7. ^ Joseph Caro. Shulhan Arukh, Orakh Hayyim, chapter 344.
8. ^ Bleich pp. 85-92

Lucy & George Orta

Lucy + Jorge Orta | Antarctic Village - No Borders, 2007, courtesy Galleria Continua, San Gimignano - Beijing. Photo: JJ Crance

According to the Antarctic Treaty signed in 1959, the continent's territory is a protected ecosystem and as such cannot be used neither for military purposes nor commercial exploitation. The Antarctic contains 70% of the planet's fresh water reserves in the form of ice and, today, its name evokes the slow melting of the ice caused by global warming. In 2007 Lucy + Jorge Orta went to the inhospitable land on an artistic and social research expedition.

The tents, survival kits, videos and mobile aid units created by the artists as a result of their expedition to the edge of the world are having their first public showing at the Hangar Bicocca in Milan. Hangar Bicocca is real big. Before being a space dedicated to contemporary art, it was a vast industrial factory that manufactured bobbins for electric train motors.

The star of the exhibition is Antarctic Village. Made of 50 dwellings that bring out the images of refugee camps broadcast on tv, the installation is a symbol of the plight of those struggling to cross borders and to gain the freedom of movement necessary to escape political and social conflict. The temporary encampment was envisioned as a free, neutral territory in a place where living conditions are so extreme that it imposes a situation of mutual aid and solidarity, no matter your nationality.

The tents are hand stitched with sections of flags from around the world, along with clothes and gloves, symbolising the multiplicity and diversity of people. A recent UN source states that 2.2 million migrants, mainly from the African and Asian continents, will arrive in the rich world every year from now until 2050. The artists go beyond their comment on the free circulation of individuals across the whole planet by proposing an amendment to the Universal Declaration of Human Right that would include the right to free circulation, on par with merchandise, economic flows and pollution.

Antarctic Village - No Borders, Drop Parachute

Antarctica World Passport, International Delivery Bureau, 2008

Bureau construction, reclaimed chairs, red cross crates, various reclaimed objects, passport stamps, ink pads, Antarctica World Passports

Dimensions: Variable

Exhibition history: 2012 Tufts University Gallery, USA; 2010 Festival des Arts Auxois, France; 2009 Maison Europeene de la Photographie, Paris; 2008 Hangar Bicocca Milan, Italy; Galleria Continua Le Moulin, France

Courtesy: Galleria Continua San Gimignano / Beijing / Le Moulin and the Artists

Concept: The Antarctic Treaty signed in 1959 states that this sixth continent is a common territory, open to all peaceful peoples and to cultural and scientific cooperation. The edition of the first 10,000 Antarctica World Passports imagined by Lucy + Jorge Orta is a proposal for a new world community. It is a document that recognises the inherent dignity of every member of the human race and their equal and inalienable rights shall constitute the basis of liberty, justice and peace in the world. The Antarctica World Passport proposes an amendment to Article 13 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Art. 13 :3 “Every human being has the right to move freely and cross frontiers to their chosen territory. Individuals should not be deemed of an inferior status to that of capital, trade, telecommunication and pollution, all of which have no boundaries. The passports are distributed during exhibitions or conferences to persons wishing to become a citizen and form part of an online database developed by MIT. On deliverance the passport requests in return that each new citizen dedicate him or herself to combat all acts of barbarity, to fight against intimidation and poverty, to support social progress, to protect the environment and endangered species, to safeguard human dignity and to defend the inalienable rights to liberty, justice and peace in the world

Materials: Wooden valise, Lambda photograph laminated, glass, 10 Antarctica World Passports, hand turned wooden passport stamp with rubber embossed motif. Edition of 25

Dimensions: 20 x 35 x 10 cm

Catalogued: Antarctica, Electa Mondadori, 2008, pp.130-131; Lucy + Jorge Orta: Food Water Life, Princeton Architectural Press NY, 2011, pp.150-151

Exhibition history: 2008 Hangar Bicocca Milan; 2008 Galleria Continua La Moulin; 2009 Galerie Motive Amsterdam

Concept:
Antarctica World Passports is an ongoing conceptual component of Lucy +Jorge Orta’s project Antarctic Village – No Borders (1992-2008), which reflects on the Antarctic continent as a new vision of Utopia. The artists have chosen Antarctica because the Antarctic Treaty signed in 1959 by Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, the United States, France, the United Kingdom, Japan, Norway, New Zealand, South Africa, and the USSR states that this sixth continent is a neutral and common land, free of conflict, open to all peaceful peoples and a place for cultural and scientific cooperation.

The edition of this small valise containing ten Antarctica World Passports takes the form of a kit, to be issued to every person wishing to become a citizen of this continent and allowing them to travel freely throughout the world. On deliverance it will request in return that each citizen take responsibility for their actions. The new world citizen will dedicate him or herself to combat all acts of barbarity, to fight against intimidation and poverty, to support social progress, to protect the environment and endangered species, to safeguard human dignity and to defend the inalienable rights to liberty, justice and peace in the world. 

Antarctica World Passport, International Delivery Bureau, 2008.

Polar Visual Culture: Conference - St Andrews

http://www-ah.st-andrews.ac.uk/newsandevents/pvculture/abstracts/


Polar Visual Culture: An International Conference is a two day event to take place in the Arts Building Lecture Theatre of the University of St Andrews on 17-18 June 2011. This conference brings together a diverse, internationally recognised group of scholars from the humanities and social sciences to present new research on the visual culture of polar exploration. The polar environment, and its potential destruction, is now receiving heightened attention in the mass media, with extensive scientific study and urgent results on climate change reported daily. Our objective is to focus attention upon the unique, prolific and hitherto under-examined visual culture - painting and graphic illustration, expedition and frontier narratives, installations and poetic geographies, films and photography - that the expeditions to the two polar regions have inspired since the early nineteenth century, and which forms a fundamental part of our perception of these environments. We invite all those interested in these themes to register for this important conference and join us in St Andrews. 


Thomas Joshua Cooper (Professor and Senior Researcher in Fine Art, Glasgow School of Art) TRUE and other Polar Stories ­ two years on the ice
Jan Anders Diesen (Lillehammer University College, Norway) The Cinematic Race to the Poles: Roald Amundsen's South Pole Expedition (1910-12)
and Other Polar Films in the Heroic Era
Robert G. David (Lancaster University) The Rural Imagination and the Arctic
Robert Dixon (University of Sydney) ‘Shackleton's Marvellous Moving Pictures’: The Ontology of the Early Travelogue
Luke Gartlan (University of St Andrews) Revisiting 'Arctic Regions'
Elena Glasberg (Princeton University) 'Living Ice': Contact, Material, Frames
Sophie Gordon (Royal Photograph Collection, Windsor Castle)
At the Ends of the Earth: Polar Images and Royal Collections
Matthew Jarron (University of Dundee) From Dundee with the Whalers: Early Visual Representations of the Arctic and Antarctic
Tyrone Martinsson (University of Gothenburg, Sweden) The Andrée Polar Expedition – With Camera towards Death
Shane McCorristine (NUI Maynooth and Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge) Icarian Icescapes and Daedalean Dreamscapes: Envisioning Victorian Arctic Exploration
Alexandra Neel (Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles)
Performing Antarctica
Russell A. Potter (Rhode Island College, Providence)
From Panoramas to Early Cinema: Arctic Spectacles 1893-1930
Alistair Rider (University of St Andrews) Ice, Meltwater and Mutability in Contemporary Art
Camille Seaman (Artist-Photographer, Emeryville, California) Connection and Purpose

Arts, Sciences and Climate Change: Practices and Politics at the Threshold

 Jennifer Gabrys and Kathryn Yusoff,  Arts, Sciences and Climate Change: Practices and Politics at the Threshold. Science as Culture, 21 (1), 2012.

ABSTRACT

Within climate change debates, writers and scholars have called for expanded methods for producing science, for proposing strategies for mitigation and adaptation, and for engaging with publics. Arts–sciences discourses are one area in which increasing numbers of practitioners and researchers are exploring ways in which interdisciplinarity may provide a space for reconsidering the role of cultural and creative responses to environmental change. Yet what new perspectives does the arts–science intersection offer for rethinking climate change? Which historic conjunctions of arts–sciences are most useful to consider in relation to present-day practices, or in what ways do these previous alignments significantly shift in response to climate change? The uncertainty, contingency, and experimentation necessarily characteristic of climate change may generate emergent forms of practice that require new approaches—not just to arts and sciences, but also at the new thresholds, or ‘meetings and mutations’ that these practices cross. Thresholds—narrated here through the figure of ‘zero degrees’—offer a way to bring together sites of encounter, transformations, uncertainties, future scenarios, material conditions and political practices in relation to climate change. Such shifting thresholds and relations lead not to fundamental re-definitions or demarcations of arts and sciences, arguably, but rather to shared encounters with politics. Drawing on philosophies of aesthetics and sciences elaborated by Jacques Rancière and Isabelle Stengers, we point to the ways in which political possibility is entangled with aesthetic-material conditions and practices, and how recognition of these interrelations might enable ‘collective experimentation’ within both creative practices and climate sciences.

Download full text HERE

Visualizing Antarctica as a Place in Time

Yusoff, Kathryn, 'Visualizing Antarctica as a Place in Time', Space and Culture : International Journal of Social Spaces, 8 (4), 2005.

ABSTRACT

This article presents a chronogeographic account of the Antarctic spatialities that are inflected through the image of the RADARSAT map. Focusing on time as a spatializing operation within the visual geography of globalizing and globally available cartographies, the author questions the multiple geographies that must be considered in a geopolitical account of such a mapping. The subject of this topology is the “event” of the NASA RADARSAT map of Antarctica exhibiting the effects of global warming as a scientific and media event on the Web. Specifically the RADARSAT map documents destruction and also renders it innocuous through technologies of distance. This realization of geopolitical imperatives through scientific visualization reveals particular tensions and operations within Antarctic and global visual cultures. As a narrative cartography, it exhibits how geographic information systems operate in a plurality of visual regimes. The author concludes that the politics of visualizing Antarctica is embedded in the histories of its media production and in this reveals how time has a chronogeographic operation.

HERE

Antarctic Exposure: Archives of the Feeling Body

Kathryn Yusoff, 'Antarctic exposure: archives of the feeling body', Progress in Human Geography February 1, 2010.

ABSTRACT

This article examines attempts to capture and form knowledge about the Antarctic landscape through expeditionary photography and embodied practice. It begins with a visual piece. As an antidote to contemporary investment in heroic Antarctic narratives, Action Man, Antarctic Inertia takes the original 1970s special issue Antarctic Action Man on another kind of journey, restaging his adventures through the landscape. Concentrating on the excessive expenditure of explorers' accounts, as opposed to the heroic destinations of the original, this visual mapping considers non-productive landscape encounters in order to explore other possibilities of staging history and geography. The written essay that forms the second part of this article concentrates on the anxieties of representation that emerge from the interplay between mark making and being marked, and the marks that fall beyond this visual register. Using the metaphor of light, which includes both the light cast on a photographic plate and the dubious physical light of the Antarctic landscape, I examine how this marker both constitutes a trace of history and a fleeting form of knowledge production. As a mode of representation, landscape photography simultaneously illuminates and obscures the histories of encounter with landscape. The argument proceeds by looking at how the photographic frame both arrests landscape and points to a subtle beyond (Barthes). Using narratives from the Heroic era (1890s—1910s) expeditions, I then consider how landscape exposure collides with photographic exposure to present other inhabitations that are in excess of the photograph. In these other narratives, the landscape writes through the body to disrupt the heroic narrative of a contained and purposeful body in the landscape. This Antarctic `look back' ultimately points the way to new geographies of visual culture that expand understand ings of the Antarctic landscape. At the same time, by exceeding the visual, this approach provides the grounds for a renewed ethics of engagement with the ability of landscape to inscribe the explorer's body as he inscribes the surface of the continent through embodied journeys and representational practice. In conclusion, I argue for a reciprocal dialogue between landscape and vision, one that acknowledges that vision is entangled with pain, blindness and excess as much as with a clear sighting of encounter.                   

Full article HERE

COMPARISON: The Supernatural Arctic

Shane McCorristine, 'The Supernatural Arctic: An Exploration', Nordic Journal of English Studies, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2009.

ABSTRACT

The magnetic attraction of the North exposed a matrix of motivations for discovery service in nineteenth-century culture: dreams of wealth, escape, extreme tourism, geopolitics, scientific advancement, and ideological attainment were all prominent factors in the outfitting expeditions. Yet beneath this „exoteric‟ matrix lay a complex „esoteric‟ matrix of motivations which included the compelling themes of the sublime, the supernatural, and the spiritual. This essay, which pivots around the Franklin expedition of 1845-1848, is intended to be an exploration which suggests an intertextuality across Arctic time and geography that was co-ordinated by the lure of the supernatural. 

Download the full article HERE

places to party in McMurdo, Willy Field, and Scott Base.

Of course all work and no play makes any OAE no fun to be around.   These are the places to party in McMurdo, Willy Field, and Scott Base.  Some places no longer exist except in the beer addled minds of the OAE's...

1992-1996

#1   The Acey-Ducey Club (RIP 1995)

The "Acey-Ducey club", which was located to the right of bld 155, next to the gym and bowling ally.  It was a small club and seemed to cater to the "professional" partyers in McMurdo. It was also the "Day Bar" for those people who worked night check.  It was open from 0700 to 1130 or so.   Plenty of time to have a beer or 12 and catch the 1730 shuttle to work...  In 1995 it was "renovated" into the Aerobics and Band room.

# 2   The Officers Club. (The Coffee House)

Picture courtesy of our friends at http://penguincentral.com/

The "Officers Club" is located by the bowling ally and bld 155.  By the time I was in the squadron the Officers Club had been made into a "Coffee House" that served espresso and "Starchuck's" types of drinks.  Irish Coffee was one of the best drinks served.  It was a nice place to hang out and be mellow, play cards or pool. On Sunday afternoons the "local talent" would perform, which was pretty cool.

#3   The Chief's Club (Southern Exposure)

The "Chief's Club" is located next to bld 155 and in front of the Erebus Club.  In 1992 the Chief's Club was still the Chief's Club.  It was an open bar after 10 PM on the weekends, but it was "off limits" to us poor non-Chiefs.  In 1993 the NSF took the Chief's Club away, and it was renamed the Southern Exposure Club.    We (VXE-6er's) avoided this club on weekdays after it was taken away from the Chief's........

#4   The Erebus Club (Gallaghers)

The Erebus Club is located behind bld 155 and Medical. This was the "Enlisted Club" and the "open bar" for everyone.   This was the party bar as it has a dance floor, pool tables, a hamburger grill, and a sports bar.  This was the place to be for "Saturday Night Live" in McMurdo.  Eat, drink, and be merry for tomorrow is another day... After the Acey-Ducey club closed the Erebus Club became the Day Bar.  Now you could get off work, have a few beers, walk to bld 155 and eat breakfast, back to the bar, and then to your home.   Of course day check would get to check you out.....In 1997 Master Chief Galleger (ret) died in McMurdo a few weeks after the winter over season started.  He had retired from the US Navy and was working for ASA as the Housing Officer.  The club was renamed in his honor.

#5   The Officers Wardroom

The Officers Wardroom was located on the second deck of bld 155.  This is where "Officer's Country" was located.  They had the "good deal" up there as the Officers of VXE-6 and NSFA had their own mess.   It was stocked up with the best New Zealand beers and the prices were right.   How did I know?  C'mon, I was a an LC-130 Loadmaster..unless it came by ship we "transported" everything.. Why else would we have 2,000 lbs of "squadron gear" on every flight...  Of course it was "off limits" to the Enlisted people.....  But it "seemed" to be one of the places to be for the "after hours" parties and where the Herc Crews could get together and debrief their flights.  The downside to it?  The CO and XO of NSFA were down the hall, and the CO and XO of VXE-6 were on the other side of the hall. 

#6   The Chief's Club part II

The Chief's Mess was located on the first deck of bld 206. The majority of the Chiefs lived on the first deck of bld 206.  Each deck had a tv lounge, so the first deck tv lounge was turned into the Chiefs Club, or more accurately the Chief's Mess.  They had a nice tv, radio, and pool table, along with a very nicely stocked bar.  How did I know?  See the Officers Wardroom above.  The Chiefs Mess was another place to go after hours to have a beer or two and a great place to get that "special training" only a US Navy Chief can give.  If you were not a Chief you had to be an invited guest to have a cold one. 

Scott Base Pub

The Scott Base pub is located at the New Zealand base about halfway down the Willy road.  This was one of the best bars in Antarctica, although it was kind of small.  It was an "invitation only" type of pub for all non Kiwi's.  Of course that never stopped me... 

Willy Field Tavern

The Willy Field Tavern was located (of course) at Willy Field.  If you lived or worked  at Willy Field then this was the place to be.   None of that sissy Mac Town foo foo bars for the real men of VXE-6!!  If you were a FNGY looking to be packed then this was the place to be.  The Willy Field Tavern always reminded me of that country bar in the movie "The Blues Brothers".   All it needed was chicken wire....  The Willy Field Tavern was where the "King and Queen" contest was held...until PC'ness reared it's ugly head.   The Willy Field tavern was closed down in 1994 when the housing at Willy was condemned.  Of course, the following season due to a housing shortage the housing at Willy Field was reopened.  The Tavern and the chow hall were not reopened though.   A couple of AE's liberated some of the decorations from the Tavern and the barbershop chair and opened up Willy Field South in the lounge of their dorm.  It was the place to be when Herbies blew in at Willy....

Icestock

Icestock is the local talent concert from McMurdo, Willy Field, and Scott Base getting together and having an outdoor concert and hippie happening.   It was a great time to play Frisee-Bee, drink, and have fun.  The Chili Cook-Off was at the same time if I remember correctly.

Halloween

The Halloween party is the first major blow-out of the summer season.  It was held in the Helo Hanger, and was the way to start off the season!!  Of course there was a Halloween Costume Contest.  It was a requirement!!

Thanksgiving

There is no actual party for Thanksgiving, but the chowhall went all out for Thanksgiving Dinner.   You had to select a time when you wanted to eat, so you would get with a bunch of friends and get a time block of tickets.  It was the first dress-up event of the year.

Christmas

The Christmas party is held in the ASA Heavy Shop.   This was the best party of the year.  They had BBQ'd steaks with all of the BBQ fixings.  People were on their best behavior, plus the fact that the close of the summer season was coming.

New Years eve!!

The New Years eve party is held in the Gym, and was the biggest party of the year!!  This was the party where actual kegs of beer from New Zealand were brought down, and the one night where everyone checked their brains at the door!!  The party only ended when all of the kegs were floating and the last of the bottles were in the recycling bin.

The Party Scene

As originally published HERE:

Parties and Cultural Events

Following is a list of most of the major parties and cultural events in McMurdo. It is not meant to be comprehensive, however.The McMurdo cultural scene is always evolving, and new theme parties and events (like the Beach Party) are constantly springing up. The venues of these events also tends to change, depending on what building is most available or most appropriate at the time.

Flag-Tying Party:
In order to find their way over the trackless ice and snow, researchers need to establish flagged "roads." These roads consist of bright orange or green flags tied onto bamboo poles and stuck into the ice at regular intervals. Even in the worst storm, people out on the ice or snow can find their way back to camp with a good flagged road.

These flags don't come tied to poles, though. And that's the reason for the first party of the new austral summer season: the flag-tying party. For the promise of free beer, soda, and food, a large percentage of the McMurdo population convenes in a large building (usually the vehicle repair garage) for an evening of tying flags to bamboo poles. It's generally a low-key party, with a DJ providing music and a little impromptu dancing between the shuffling of bamboo bundles and cardboard boxes of individually wrapped flags. Perhaps the nicest thing about the flag-tying party is that it's the first occasion where the soon-to-depart winter-overs and the newly arrived summer support people can come together and interact in a social gathering. It's marked by camaraderie, a feeling of working together toward a good cause, and a lot of laughter. It's always been my favorite party.

Halloween Party:
In direct contrast to the flag-tying party is the Halloween party. October is one of the busiest, most stressful months of the summer season, and by the end of it people are ready for some release. The gymnasium is set aside and lavishly decorated by volunteers. At least one band (and sometimes it's two or three) sets up to play, usually at about 160 decibels, and a DJ fills in the blank spots during breaks.

People go all out on their costumes. I have always been amazed at the ingenuity and creativity displayed by some of the costumes at the Halloween party. It's even more remarkable because almost every costume is created from scratch, from materials available on station. This has to be what Halloween was before the days of costume shops, and before drug stores filled their aisles with rubber masks. In that sense, Halloween in McMurdo is almost purist, in a way it can no longer be in American cities. It is truly a celebration of creativity and unadulterated fun.

Thanksgiving:
This holiday is marked by quiet gatherings of friends, both before and after the big feast. The galley staff, with the help of numerous volunteers, prepares a dinner as good as any celebrated in the U.S. Because the population is so large, everyone must make a "reservation" and arrive at a particular hour. (If everyone arrived at the same time, the line would stretch around the building.) Even so, people usually have to stand in line for 30 minutes or so, but there are friends to talk to and hors d'oeuvres to munch on.

Thanksgiving is a pretty quiet holiday. I suspect that is partly because this is the first day off anyone has had (except for Sundays) since they arrived in McMurdo. Also, November is as busy a month as October, and after two solid months of a non-stop, frenetic pace (9-hour days and 6-day workweeks), people are starting to get a little worn out.

Penguin Bowl:
In years past, the Penguin Bowl football game was a big affair. Two teams would square off on Thanksgiving Day at a makeshift football field on the snow of the Ross Ice Shelf. That tradition seems to have waned in recent years, however.

Christmas and New Year:
By the end of December, the pace has slowed slightly. Many scientists have left McMurdo to be home in time for Christmas. The holiday in McMurdo is somewhat bittersweet. Most of the contractor personnel are happy about having two short work weeks in a row (Christmas and New Year's Day), since by now people are starting to get burned out. But most miss being with their families.

On Christmas Eve, there's another station-wide party, with music and lots of food, but it's nowhere near as rowdy as Halloween. The Christmas Choir performs during the party, which is usually held in the garage these days. In past years the party has been held in the carpenter's shop and, in 1990, in the unfinished Crary Laboratory.

After the party, there's a choir recital and carol sing-along in the dining hall. Despite the absence of family, there's something quite peaceful about celebrating Christmas in Antarctica. Perhaps it is the complete absence of commercials. (No one's trying to sell you anything, so the Christmas Spirit arrives unsullied by advertisements and commercialism. It's very liberating.) Perhaps it is because you are a million miles away from everything else, away from the war, crime, and other problems of the world. Or perhaps it is because you are in one of the most beautiful places on Earth, just a few hundred of you in a frozen corner of the world, surrounded by as much white as any Christmas could ever want. Whatever the reasons, Christmas in McMurdo always seemed to me to be more peaceful than anywhere else I'd been.

New Year's Eve and New Year's Day bring another station-wide party, a myriad little semi-private parties, and another welcomed day off. Better yet, New Year's Day marks the beginning of the real Antarctic cultural season.

Icestock:
The brainchild of the indefatigable Dane Terry, the Icestock Music Festival started during the 1989-1990 austral season and it has been a tradition ever since.

Dane saw the vast resource of talented musicians that came to work in McMurdo every year, and he decided to bring them all together in one musical extravaganza. It was a huge success. Now, every year (usually on New Year's Day), a stage is set up in the open area behind Building 155 (dining hall/dorm) and for about six hours everyone who wants to sing or perform music (or even do stand-up comedy) gets a chance. Most have practiced for months just to get ready. The rest of the population sets up chairs (with coolers full of drinks and snacks), or they dance, or they just stand around and listen, or they do all three.

Since January is typically the warmest month, most Icestocks go off without a problem, though in some seasons the musicians' fingers get colder than in others. Temperatures are usually around 30° F.

Chili Cook-off:
This is a left-over from Navy days, but it's still a popular cultural event. Like Icestock, the chili cook-off takes place on a Sunday early in January to take advantage of the warm weather. Several temporary kitchens are set up in milvans behind Building 155 and teams of erstwhile cooks compete to concoct the best tasting chili in Antarctica. A panel of judges tests the products and votes the winner, but the real winners are the innocent bystanders who get to sample to various recipes. Most of the concoctions are pretty good, and a few aren't. Surprisingly, the bland-dieted New Zealanders often throw together the spiciest chili of the bunch, a real fry-your-mouth, burn-your-butt, pure jalapeno brew. I could never figure it out.

Scott's Hut Race:
Another long-awaited event, this traditional foot race also takes place on a Sunday in January, typically early in the month. Participants earn a specially designed T-shirt for crossing the finish line. Some people take this race pretty seriously, train for months, and race to win. Others are quite happy just to stroll the course as a way of being involved in the event.

Theatrical Play:
This McMurdo tradition was begun in the 1993-94 austral season. That year, we formed the McMurdo Players and I produced and directed the first royalty-paid play in Antarctica (to my knowledge). It was a one-act romantic comedy called "The Mice Have Been Drinking Again," starring Patti Gage, Sheri McCann, Jason Dorpinghaus, and Aaron Abarbanell. A veritable army of volunteers made the production possible. They did everything, from building the set to finding costumes to hanging the stage lights. We had six performances, and over half the entire population of McMurdo turned out to see it, as well as a large percentage of Scott Base personnel.

In 1994-95, we produced a full-length romantic comedy called "Saving Grace," and in 1995-96 another one-act entitled "Me Too, Then!" All played to full houses.

The plays were all performed in early January, for several reasons: it's the slowest period in the season (relatively speaking), it's relatively warm (the playhouse is notoriously drafty), and it's the perfect antidote to post-holiday blues. Most summer seasons now have a theatrical production, and many winter crews also produce and perform a play.

Art Show:
The McMurdo Art Show offers an opportunity for craftspeople and artisans of all types to display their creations for everyone to see. Exhibits are set up in the dining hall for an evening (typically in January), and most of the population of McMurdo and Scott Base stop by to look things over. The range of skills and breadth of talent on display is always amazing. Everything is there, from paintings to knitted sweaters, from photography to welding, from knot-tying to ceramics. Even performance art appear once in a while; one season a vocal trio sang a-capella for the crowd.

Casino and Comedy Nights:
Other cultural events occur sporadically. Casino night used to be pretty popular, though it didn't take place every season. There have also been one or two comedy nights in seasons past, but this never caught on as a tradition. Both of these events tended to be Navy affairs, so with the Navy now gone from McMurdo I don't know if they will continue.

Sunday Night Science Lecture:
This event is one of the longest-running traditions in McMurdo. Almost every Sunday night, one of the researchers will deliver a lecture and slide show on his or her work in Antarctica. Visiting artists, photographers, and writers are also encouraged to present their work to the McMurdo and Scott Base populations. These lectures offer support personnel the opportunity to see and understand the science their own efforts are contributing to, and other scientists will attend to see what their colleagues are doing. The lectures usually draw standing-room-only crowds.

Polar Plunge:
Since the practice of "packing" has been outlawed (this involved taking a new person outside on a pretense and then proceeding to "pack" his clothing full of snow), the most famous and most enduring of Antarctic rituals has become the Polar Plunge. The Plunge used to be strictly a winter affair, taking place two or three times--but especially on mid-Winter Day.

Now, however, there are summer plunges as well, in which both McMurdo and Scott Base personnel participate.

On plunge day (which is actually "night" if it's in the winter) Scott Base personnel carve a hole in the sea ice. Brave (or perhaps foolish) people then divest themselves of clothes, tie a rope around their waist, run out of a warm building into -40° F air, and jump into 28° F water. For reasons I have never been able to fathom, this is a very popular activity.

People at Palmer Station perform the same ritual, though neither the air nor the water are quite as cold as on Ross Island (cold enough, though!).

I will admit that I have joined the Vanda Swim Club, but I only did it to get the patch. This ritual initiation is another one invented by the New Zealanders, who seem to have a perverse talent for such things. It involves walking slowly into the 32° F water of Lake Vanda (a fresh, glacial meltwater lake in Wright Valley, near McMurdo), then submerging completely. You're allowed to exit as quickly as you wish. Fortunately (for me!), this can only happen in the summer when there are people at Lake Vanda. (Since the New Zealanders have closed Vanda Station, though, the Swim Club may have been discontinued.)

Google Streetview

Google unveils Street View imagery from Antarctica, including South Pole Telescope, Shackleton sites

By Xeni Jardin at 8:48 am Tuesday, Jul 17 link HERE

Photo: Cape Royds Adélie Penguin Rookery. (Google Street View)

Today, Google is launching access to a new collection of hi-res imagery from the Antarctic. In this post are some examples of those stunning vistas, shared with Boing Boing courtesy of Google. Alex Starns, Technical Program Manager for the Street View team, writes:

Back in September 2010, we launched the first Street View imagery of the Antarctic, enabling people from more habitable lands to see penguins in Antarctica for the first time. Today we’re bringing you additional panoramic imagery of historic Antarctic locations that you can view from the comfort of your homes. We’ll be posting this special collection to our World Wonders site, where you can learn more about the history of South Pole exploration.
With the help of the Polar Geospatial Center at the University of Minnesota and the New Zealand Antarctic Heritage Trust, we’ve added 360-imagery of many important spots, inside and out, such as the South Pole Telescope, Shackleton's hut, Scott’s hut, Cape Royds Adélie Penguin Rookery and the Ceremonial South Pole.

More about the project here. And more images below!

Photo: The Ceremonial South Pole. (Google Street View)

The interior of Shackleton’s Hut shows supplies used in early 20th Century Antarctic Expeditions. (Google Street View)

Photo: The South Pole Telescope. (Google Street View)

Photo: The South Pole Telescope. (Google Street View)

Photo: The South Pole Telescope. (Google Street View)

Photo: The South Pole Telescope. (Google Street View)

Ancient (Virgin) Cocktails for Putin & Scientists

HERE

MOSCOW –  
It's a drink fit for a king -- T.rex, the king of dinosaurs, that is.

Russian prime minister Vladimir Putin on Friday received the first sample of water from an underground lake in Antarctica that was hidden for an estimated 20 million years -- and joked that the water would be the perfect drink for a dinosaur. "Well, did you drink the water?" Putin asked Russia's Natural Resources Minister Yuri Trutnev after being presented with a vial of ancient aqua, Reuters reported. "It would have been interesting, you know: dinosaurs drank it."

Trutnev, who was in Antarctica for the historic moment the lake was breached, assured Putin that he had not drank a drop of the water, which scientists have been waiting to study with bated breath.

"Well it would have been interesting you know: dinosaurs drank it," Putin reportedly said with a smile.
Putin's calendar is a bit off; a mass extinction likely caused by an asteroid impact ended the reign of the dinosaurs about 65 million years ago, scientists believe. But the lake is nonetheless crucial to scientific understanding of life on Earth. Scientists hope Lake Vostok could reveal new forms of life and help them understand the extreme conditions of Mars and Europa, Jupiter's moon, which researchers suspect could be hiding a liquid ocean beneath its frozen upper crust.

A Russian team successfully drilled down to Lake Vostok on Sunday, after a desperate battle against the clock before the brutal Antarctic winter set in.

HERE

One Perk of Being an Arctic Researcher: Drinking 100,000 Year Old Glacier Water

The scientists who research our planet's poles have a tough, incredible job. Drilling tens of thousands of feet into the icy surface to retrieve core samples reveals a lot about our planet. It also provides a refreshing, pre-historic drink.

Edible Geography has a fascinating interview with Dr. Paul Mayewski of the University of Maine, who collects deep core samples from all over the world—from Antarctica to the Himalayas. By digging deeper and deeper, he and his team are able to examine the icy record to see what was up with the earth's climate thousands of years ago. Once a sample's been drilled out and retrieved, it's sliced apart with lasers for analysis.



Often, the findings of these core samples show a highly polluted atmosphere from the past. But does this stop the intrepid researches from taking a sip of the melted stuff? Hell to the no:

You might think you couldn't drink that water, because the whole point is that we've detected pollution in it. But these are the chemicals that have been traveling in the atmosphere, and so, yes, it might be a thousand times more polluted than the pre-industrial atmosphere was, but at the locations where we're sampling it, in these very remote areas, the pollution has had a long travel distance and a lot of it has dropped out along the travel route. We're looking at the very final fringes of it. We're still seeing dramatically elevated levels, comparably, but it's not anywhere near undrinkable.

Think that isn't badass enough? "We drink water from the nuclear bomb test era, and it has small amounts of radioactivity in it," says Mayewski. But it's no more dangerous than going out in the sun, he assures.



But alright, enough about the science—how does it taste? "About as clean as anything can taste," says Mayewski. But the pureness ain't even the half of it. Not that keeping your drinks cold is likely a problem in Antarctica, but these scientists sometimes drop a cube or two of drilled ice into their water—and it's easy to understand why:

If the ice is old, it will often trap air bubbles in it. Those air bubbles can contain carbon dioxide from ten thousand years ago or even a hundred thousand years ago. And when you put an ice cube of that ice in a glass of water, it pops. It has natural effervescence as those gas bubbles escape. You get a little a puff of air into your nostrils if you have your nose over the glass. It's not as though it necessarily smells like anything - but when you think about the fact that the last time that anything smelled that air was a hundred thousand years ago, that's pretty interesting.

Criminal Justice

The problem of criminal justice in Antarctica is considered in a special issue of Criminal Justice Studies, by Routledge HERE

Control of Criminal Conduct in Antarctica in the Virginia Law Review HERE

In the Journal of Business and Economic Research HERE

US Marshalls are in Antarctica see HERE

At least one person says there was an instance of organized crime. See HERE

Antarctic Samizdat

Interview - by Big Dead Place HERE

Interview with The Shadow

The Shadow was an underground paper published in McMurdo in the early '90s.  Big Dead Place conducted this interview with the anonymous editor via email.
How did The Shadow begin?

It was winter of 1990 and the Navy was putting out this dry, no fun, Navy-type paper and we actually just wanted to poke fun at it. Well, as you know, there are many things to poke fun at down here, so it just took off.

How many people were involved? 

Twelve core people (American and Kiwi), and about 100 anonymous contributors.
What were some of the reactions when The Shadow was first published? 
The Navy went ballistic and the community was belly laughing at brunch. The Navy hated it or, I should say, the Navy Paper Staff hated it, and the rest of the community loved it. We would sneak in just after the Navy Sunday paper was put out in the galley and place ours right next to it. This really pissed off the Navy and added fuel to the paper wars.  (Please understand that when I say 'Navy' I am only referring to maybe six people.  The rest of the Navy personnel loved it and contributed to it.)
How did the Navy try to stop you? Did they say that The Shadow could not be produced with government paper on government machines?

That is exactly how they tried to stop us. So we told them that we had all of the paper airdropped to us that year. They could not prove that we didn’t. When they told us to stop using government copy machines, Scott Base spoke up and said that we were using theirs.

When we placed our Shadow sign on the metaphysical pole at Derelict Junction, the Navy had it taken down, but failed to properly dispose of it, and so it was returned to us by a good Navy SeaBee and then we were able to get the Linemen to place it at the top of the pole where it remained until around 1999/2000.
What's the "metaphysical pole"?

It is the utility pole at Derelict Junction next to the bus stop. The pole was never supposed to be put there, so it wasn’t there, so to speak. (Sort of like when the big guys correct you on "the galley" saying it is "the dining facility." Two syllables versus six. If it were an acronym, like DINFAC, that would be different.)
Did the Navy Brass approach you personally?

Yes.

Tell me that story. What kind of questions did he ask you?

I was approached because I was the most outstanding point of contact for people to contribute their writing to. Everybody knew that I was involved. I was stopped in 155 and asked questions: about who was involved, were they military, and was I aware that some people were hurt by what we wrote. I had to laugh because we did not write about any individuals; we would make jokes of entire departments such as our "make extra money by selling brains to the Navy" ad. It was no big deal. The Navy could not stop us and they knew it.
Once we found out that The Shadow was being faxed to the Navy Brass in the States, we came out with the 'international issue' and explained that now we would have to raise subscription rates due the added cost of sending The Shadow overseas. We did not wish to burden the U.S. Taxpayers with a ten-dollar-a-minute INMARSAT phone line transmission so we asked the community to kick in what they could to help offset waste, fraud, and abuse by the Navy.
Did the reception to it change over time? 

It grew into a cult following. It just got bigger and funnier. We got so many submissions that we just could not print them all. What got printed was what made us laugh.

Were there any other papers in McMurdo that you knew of before you did The Shadow?

Just the Navy paper, The Antarctic Night Times.

Did The Shadow spark any other people to put out papers afterwards?

Not while I was involved with The Shadow. The original Shadow was in '90. In '91 it was there but I was not. In '92 it came out but that was the year that it used to slam and be a bit on the mean side so I opted out and hooked up with Bob [S.] and put out The Quick Brown. We had no problems with The Shadow staff and they had no problems with us. Actually The Shadow sort of went away that season.

What other papers have you seen over the years, if any?

I am not sure. I have only wintered six times over the last fifteen years so I bet there were some.


Will you explain Marsgrams?

Before telephones we could only contact home by shortwave radio, so we were allowed 50 words in the summer and 100 in the winter. You would write a message and a volunteer would send it via shortwave to the States where it would be printed out and mailed to whomever you were sending it to. The people on the other end that printed and mailed got money from the government to do this for the military. We were all working under Navy orders back then, which was cool because here were all these hippies with earrings and hair to the middle of their backs traveling with Navy order documents.
What was your distribution process?

Getting drunk on Saturday night during the printing, and sleeping in on Sunday. Remember, this was before computers. We asked that everything be typed out before they slipped it under our door, so all we had to do was cut-and-paste it to a piece of paper then run it through a copy machine.

What department's photocopier did you use?

Mostly Power and Water, seeing how most of us worked there. Even the supervisor was involved.

When you distributed the papers did you do it a certain way so as not to get caught?

We did try to sneak them [into the galley], but the times we were seen nobody said a thing.
What were some of your editorial policies? 
No slamming individuals. You could crack jokes all you wanted about any organization, and slam us, but no one by name.

Did some people submit things attacking individuals?

Yes. But that was toward the end of July, when most people get "8 up" or their ice wife leaves them for someone else. It was how we read it. If we thought it was a slam we didn’t go there or we would change it so as not to hurt anyone. Although we did push the envelope at times when it came to supervisors. Like when we cracked jokes about the FEMC supervisor's hemorrhoid problem. He laughed at it.

There was a cartoon in one issue depicting a plumber's brain.  It showed a neocortex that handled watching TV and drinking (or something like that) with a cigarette poking from the frontal lobe.  Did The Shadow ever receive any aggressive response from those it made fun of, like plumbers? 

No, but the rebuttals we would get from, say, the plumber shop to the fitters' shop were great. I really do not remember that one, I'll have to comb through my collection. I would like to add that my favorite issues were the mini-issue where we shrunk everything down so that it would fit in your pocket, and the sticker issue. That was the most fun issue I think we ever did.



ORIGINAL CONTENT HERE

The Symmes Antarctic Intelligencer

The Symmes Antarctic Intelligencer is a satirical newsletter based in McMurdo and first distributed during the summer of 1999-00 at McMurdo, Pole, and various field camps.
Though indigenous Antarctic media is rare and fleeting, small press has been a fixture in Antarctica since at least the early 1900s when Shackleton edited The South Polar Times. Later, during IGY in 1957-58 at Ellsworth Station, seismologist John Behrendt recorded the controversy surrounding the publication of a newsletter called The Daily Sandcrab.  A scathing paper called The Shadow emerged in McMurdo in the early '90s and irked Naval officers all the way up to Washington D.C.  In short, though it can be difficult to find, Antarctic small press has a long history.
Though relatively new, The Symmes Antarctic Intelligencer is probably the first paper to be outright seized by managers at South Pole Station.  Following a wave of scuttlebutt caused by the paper's distribution in McMurdo a few days previous, a package of the newsletters was intercepted in the mailroom at Pole and then confiscated, while the intended recipient was taken to Human Resources for questioning.  (It is unclear why a goofy newsletter of any stripe represents a Constitutional Emergency that demands the theft of mail, but for more information on National Science Foundation policies regarding the dreary upkeep of American freedoms in Antarctica, contact the NSF Media Representative at pwest@nsf.gov.  If you love to contact Media Representatives, but you need a conversation-starter, try these uncomfortable topics.)
The Symmes Antarctic Intelligencer is published only very infrequently.  Past issues are available here in PDF format for ease of reprinting.  Each file is available in Kiosk-size (smaller files for kiosk connections) and Crary-size (higher resolution files for lab connections).

Midwinter Greeting 2002

"We are pleased to send greetings for Midwinter's Day 2002 to managers and others who are stationed in Antarctica. This special holiday is a powerful time to recognize your contributions to learning, knowledge, discovery, wisdom, intuition, and bold championship on the wings of golden destiny. The managers of New Denver would like to extend a professional but slightly positive message that is also self-promoting."

Winter Review 2001 (pdf / 154K)
Winter Review 2001 (pdf / 429K)

"Denver Celebrates Denver Appreciation Day"
"Raytheon Introduces Safety Assault System"
"Rescue Flight Scheduled for October 2nd"
"Fact-Finding Investigation Finds Fault"

Mainbody 2000-01 (pdf / 147K)
Mainbody 2000-01 (pdf / 409K)

"Support Group Attempts Unsupported Antarctic Crossing"
"NSF Seizes Unauthorized Shower Curtain"
"ANG OAE Stays Three Weeks"
"Galley Sneezeguard Breaks Off, Blocks Shipping Channel"

Mainbody 1999-00 #2 (pdf / 128K)
Mainbody 1999-00 #2 (pdf / 352K)

"Magic Elf Appears at Pole; NSF Refuses Shelter"
"DV Demands Harem, Precious Jewels"
"South Pole Feudal Lord Loves Raytheon, Hates Free Speech"
"U.S. Begins Construction on Top of Scott Base"

Mainbody 1999-00 #1 (pdf / 122K)
Mainbody 1999-00 #1 (pdf / 336K)

"HR Helps Employee"
"NSF Declares Outdoors Off-Limits"
"Defense Contractor, Nazi Party Vie for NSF Support Contract"
"Crary Road Closed, Grantees Lock Selves in with Guns"


MORE HERE